The Armada
by Mattingly, Garrett
pub. by Houghton Mifflin, Boston - 1959 (1st Edition)       isbn - 0395083664 - - 443 p.
about the calendar p. xiii-xiv     -     about ships and their guns p. xiv-xvi     -     map p. xvii     -     Epilogue p. 397-404     -     note on Sources p 405-409     -     Notes p. 410-428     -     Index p. 429-443
Mattingly has written the definitive book on the Spanish Armada of 1588.
Philip II was king of Spain. the Duke of Medina Sidonia headed up the Spanish fleet. He was to bring a fleet of mostly merchant ships to Flanders where the Duke of Parmas army (Spanish) was to be boarded and transferred to invade England.
Elizabeth I was queen of England. Lord Howard of Effingham, Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake were leads among the defenders. The Armada held together in close formation through the English Channel and anchored off Flanders. Fire ships (ships set on fire drifting down on the anchored fleet) caused the Armada to scatter. Bad weather caused the Armada to sail North around Scotland and Ireland. The survivors returned to Spain.
There is, of course, much more to the story and Mattingly is a master at revealing the details.
~1964~

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